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Glass Furnace - Melting Zone and Refining Zone
Glass

A glass furnace (glass melting furnace) is primarily composed of a melting tank (melting zone) and a refining zone. It is responsible for melting, degassing, and homogenizing glass raw materials at high temperatures before sending them to the forming process. These zones are in direct contact with the extremely high temperatures (up to and exceeding 1,600℃), highly corrosive molten glass, and high-viscosity conditions characteristic of glass production.

Melting Zone and Refining Zone

Examples of Refractory Applications（Melting Zone）

Part Main Refractory Used Properties
①Hearth Floor and Walls Fused zirconia brick Extremely high resistance to glass erosion, heat resistance, chemical stability
②Lower Side Walls (Glass-Contact Area) Fused alumina brick (Al₂O₃ 99%) / Zircon brick High-temperature strength, excellent resistance to molten glass, control of thermal expansion
③Upper Side Walls Alumina-zircon brick / High-alumina brick / Mullite brick Protection against thermal shock and heating damage (non-contact area with molten glass)
④Crown (Arch) Silica brick (occasionally high-alumina brick) High refractoriness and thermal shock resistance

Examples of Refractory Applications（Refining Zone）

Part Main Refractory Used Properties
⑤Hearth and Side Walls (Glass-Contact Area) Alumina-zircon brick No impurities introduced into the glass, excellent resistance to glass erosion, superior thermal expansion control
⑥Upper Walls High-alumina brick Heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, ease of repair (refining zones undergo regular maintenance)

Quality Table

These data are typical properties subject to reasonable variation and should not be treated as specifications.

Standard product
［Refractory brick］

Brand Main raw materials Chemical composition / ％ Bulk density Apparent porosity
%		 Cold crushing strength
MPa		 Refractoriness under load
T2 / ℃		 Refractoriness
SK		 Thermal spalling resistance
JIS 1000℃
times-loss％		 Linear thermal expansion / ％ Thermal conductivity / W/(m·K)
Mortar		 Application
SiO₂ Al₂O₃ MgO ZrO₂ Fe₂O₃ CaO 1000℃ 400℃ 1000℃
ZETA-AH3 Zircon 34 1 64 0.5 3.65 19.0 100 >1700 >40 >20times-0% 0.45 3.6 2.7 M-ZR ②
ZETA-AH Zircon 34 1.5 61 0.5 3.60 20.0 69 1670 40 5times-0% 0.45 2.9 M-Z ②
AZ-GS Alumina, Zircon 9.5 70 19.5 0.5 3.25 18.0 85 1690 35 0.55 3.1 3.3 M-AZ ③⑤
X-AZ-GS Alumina, Zircon 9.5 70 19.5 0.5 3.30 17.0 110 1690 35 20times-0% 0.55 3.3 2.8 M-AZ ③⑤
ML-FMS Mullite 22.5 76.5 0.2 2.60 17.5 83 1690 38 10times-0% 0.50 2.4 2.1 M-FM70 ③⑥
X-ML-FMS Mullite 20 79 0.1 2.70 15.0 100 1690 38 15times-0% 0.50 2.6 2.7 M-FM70 ③⑥
ML-A Mullite 28 70 0.8 2.40 20.0 88 1620 38 10times-0% 0.50 2.1 2.4 M-MLA ③⑥
SA-37Y Mullite 33 64 1.2 2.35 21.0 49 1550 37 10times-0% 0.55 1.6 M-SA ③⑥
X-SA-37B Mullite 20 78 0.5 2.55 19.5 85 1660 38 30times-0% 0.58 2.4 2.2 M-SA ③⑥
SD-3 Silica stone 96.2 0.5 0.1 1 2 1.83 20.0 40 T1 1640 33 1.28 M-SD-B ④
SD-1 Silica stone 96 0.6 0.1 1 2 1.83 21.0 40 T1 1630 33 1.26 M-SD-B ④

Standard product
［Insulating firebrick］

Brand Main raw materials Chemical composition / ％ Bulk density Apparent porosity
%		 Cold crushing strength
MPa		 Refractoriness under load
T2 / ℃		 Refractoriness
SK		 Thermal spalling resistance
JIS 1000℃
times-loss％		 Linear thermal expansion / ％ Thermal conductivity / W/(m·K)
Mortar		 Application
SiO₂ Al₂O₃ MgO ZrO₂ Fe₂O₃ CaO 1000℃ 400℃ 1000℃
SG-L Silica stone 93 1.7 0.2 1 3 1.10 50.0 5 32 1.30 Back Lining
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